Intrapulpal temperature variation during bleaching with various activation mechanisms

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intrapulpal temperature variation after bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide using different sources of activation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four human teeth were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction providing 48 specimens, and were divided into 4 groups (n=12): (G1) Control - Bleaching gel without light activation, (G2) Bleaching gel + halogen light, (G3) Bleaching gel + LED, (G4) Bleaching gel + Nd:YAG Laser. The temperatures were recorded using a digital thermometer at 4 time points: before bleaching gel application, 1 min after bleaching gel application, during activation of the bleaching gel, and after the bleaching agent turned from a dark-red into a clear gel. Data were analyzed statistically by the Dunnet's test, ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). RESULTS: The mean intrapulpal temperature values (ºC) in the groups were: G1: 0.617 ± 0.41; G2: 1.800 ± 0.68; G3: 0.975 ± 0.51; and G4: 4.325 ± 1.09. The mean maximum temperature variation (MTV) values were: 1.5ºC (G1), 2.9ºC (G2), 1.7ºC (G3) and 6.9ºC (G4). When comparing the experimental groups to the control group, G3 was not statistically different from G1 (p>;0.05), but G2 and G4 presented significantly higher (

Influência da aplicação de um adesivo na durabilidade de união entre uma cerâmica feldspática e um cimento resinoso

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicacao do adesivo e da ciclagem termica / armazenagem na adesao entre um cimento resinoso, de polimerizacao dual, e uma ceramica feldspatica. As hipoteses sao: (1) a aplicacao do adesivo na ceramica condicionada pode aumentar a resistencia adesiva; (2) a armazenagem e a termociclagem podem diminuir a resistencia adesiva. Vinte blocos (6 x 6 x 4 mm) de ceramica feldspatica microparticulada (Vita VM7) foram confeccionados de acordo com as instrucoes do fabricante. A superficie ceramica foi tratada com acido fluoridrico 10% por 60 segundos, lavada com agua, colocada em agua no ultrassom, seca e silanizada (Porcelain Primer, Bisco). Em seguida, o adesivo foi aplicado em dez blocos (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus Adhesive, 3M ESPE) e fotopolimerizado por 20 segundos. Todos os blocos foram reposicionados em moldes de silicone individuais e o cimento resinoso dual (Variolink base + catalizador, Ivoclar Vivadent) foi aplicado sobre a superficie tratada.Os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada (37°C) por 24 h e seccionados nos eixos x e y, obtendo-se espécimes com aproximadamente 1 mm'POT.2'de área adesiva. Os 12 corpos de prova (cp)obtidos foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 condições de armazenamento :seco - ensaio imediato;TC - armazenagem (50 dias) + termociclagem (12.000x, 5°C-55°C). Considerando os 2 fatores do estudo (adesivo e armazenagem), foram constituídos 4 grupos(n=50): Gr1 - sem adesivo + seco; Gr2 - com adesivo + seco; Gr3- sem adesivo + TC; Gr4 - com adesivo + TC. O teste de microtração foi realizado numa máquina de ensaio universal(1 mm/min). A aplicação do adesivo afetou significamente...This study assessed the effect of the adhesive resin application and the aging on the resin cement to feldspathic ceramic. The hypotheses were: (1) the adhesive application on the conditioned ceramic may increase the bond strength; (2) the storage and thermocycling may decrease the bond strength. Twenty blocks (6 x 6 x 4 mm) of feldspathic ceramic (Vita VM7) were produced according to the manufacturer's instructions. One ceramic surface of each block was conditioned with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60s, washed with water, ultrasonically cleaned into the water, dried, and silanizated (Porcelain Primer, Bisco). Afterwards, only 10 blocks got resin adhesive layer (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus Adhesive, 3M ESPE), which was cured for 20 s. All the blocks were placed in the custom silicone mold and the dual-cured resin cement (Variolink base + catalyst, Ivoclar Vivadent) was applied on the ceramic surface. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and then sectioned in the x and y axis, to produce non-trimmed bar samples with approximately 1 mm'POT.2'of bonding area. The 12 sp obtained from each block were random divided into 2 storage conditions : Dry- microtensile test after cutting; TC -storage (50 days)and thermo-cycling (x12,000, 5°C-55°). Considering the 2 factors of the study (adesive and storage), ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Adesão e grau de conversão: efeito das cores da cerâmica e do agente de fixação resinoso

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a translucidez de diferentes cores da cerâmica, o grau de conversão de diferentes cores do agente de fixação resinoso e a resistência de união entre a cerâmica e a dentina, variando as cores da cerâmica e do agente de fixação e o tempo de fotoativação. A hipótese é que quanto mais escuros o agente de fixação resinoso e a cerâmica, menor translucidez, menor conversão dos monômeros, mais baixa será a resistência adesiva, portanto maior tempo necessário para fotoativação. Três discos da cerâmica Vita VM7 com dimensão de 20 x 2 mm nas cores Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 e Base Dentine 5M3 e dois discos com 20 x 2,5 mm da mesma cerâmica nas cores Base Dentine 0M1 e Base Dentine 5M3 foram usados para determinar a percentagem de translucidez através do espectrofotômetro MiniScan. Para se obter o grau de conversão (GC), os cp do agente de fixação (Variolink II; A3 Amarelo e transparente; espessura: 100 μm) foram fotoativados sob um bloco cerâmico (espessura: 2 mm; Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 e Base Dentine 5M3) por 20 ou 40 s. Cp fotoativados sem o bloco cerâmico foram usados como controle. Dezesseis grupos (n=3) foram avaliados. Espectrometria de Micro- ATR/FTIR foi utilizada para avaliar a extensão da polimerização de todos os cp depois de 24 h. A %GC foi calculada e os dados foram analisados através de ANOVA 1-fator e teste de Tukey ( =0,05). Para avaliar adesão, a dentina da superfície oclusal de 80 molares humanos hígidos foi exposta e condicionada com ácido fosfórico 37% e adesivo (Excite DSC). Oitenta blocos (7,2 x 7,2 x 2,5 mm) da mesma cerâmica, nas cores Base Dentine 0M1 e Base Dentine 5M3, foram confeccionados de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. A superfície cerâmica foi tratada com ácido fluorídrico 10% por 60 s e silanizada. Os blocos cerâmicos de cada cor foram cimentados...The aim of this study was to evaluate the translucency of different ceramic shades, degree of conversion of different resin cement and the bond strength between a feldspathic ceramic and dentin using different resin cement and ceramic shades, and the activation time. The hypothesis is the darker the resin cement and ceramic, lower the translucency; the lower the degree of monomers conversion, lower the bond strength, then the activation time should be higher. Three discs of Vita VM7 ceramic with 20 x 2 mm and shades: Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 and Base Dentine 5M3, and two discs with 20 x 2.5 mm of the same ceramic and shades: Base Dentine 0M1 and Base Dentine 5M3 were used to determine the translucency percentage of each sp using the MiniScan espectrophotometer. For measure the degree of conversion (DC), the resin cement (Variolink II; A3 Yellow and transparent) specimens (thickness: 100 μm) were photocured under a ceramic block (2mm-thick; Base Dentine 0M1, Base Dentine 2M2 and Base Dentine 5M3) for 20 or 40 s. Specimen photocured without the ceramic block were used as control. Sixteen groups (n=3) were evaluated. Micro-ATR/FTIR spectrometry was used to evaluate the extent of polymerization of all sp after 24 h. The %DC was calculated and the data were analyzed using ANOVA 1-way and Tukey test ( =0,05). For the microtensile bond strength test, the occlusal dentin surface of eighty molars were exposed and etched with 37% phosphoric acid and an adhesive (Excite DSC) was applied. Eighty blocks (7.2 x 7.2 x 2.5 mm) of Base Dentine 0M1 and Base Dentine 5M3 of Vita VM7 ceramic were produced according to the manufacturers. The ceramic surface was etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s, followed by the application of a silane agent and a dualcured resin cement (Variolink II; base and catalyst: A3 Yellow; base and catalyst: transparent), according to the manufacturers’ ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Accuracy of mechanical torque devices for implants used in Brazilian dental offices

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of mechanical torque devices in delivering target torque values in dental offices in Salvador, Brazil. A team of researchers visited 16 dental offices, and the clinicians applied torque values (20 and 32 Ncm) to electronic torque controllers. Five repetitions were completed at each torque value and data were collected. When 20 Ncm of torque was used, 62.5% of measured values were accurate (within 10% of the target value). For 32 Ncm, however, only 37.5% of these values were achieved. Several of the tested mechanical torque devices were inaccurate. © 2011 by Quintessence Publishing Co Inc

Implant-abutment gap versus microbial colonization:Clinical significance based on a literature review

<p>Microorganisms from the oral cavity may settle at the implant-abutment interface (IAI). As a result, tissue inflammation could occur around these structures. The databases MEDLINE/PubMed and PubMed Central were used to identify articles published from 1981 through 2012 related to the microbial colonization in the implant-abutment gap and its consequence in terms of crest bone loss and osseointegration. The following considerations could be put forward, with respect to the clinical importance of IAI: (a) the space present at the IAI seems to allow bacterial leakage to occur, in spite of the size of this space; (b) bacterial leakage seems to occur at the IAI, irrespective of the type of connection. More studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between leakage at IAI and abutment connection designs; (c) losses at the peri-implant bone crests cannot be related to the IAI size, since few studies have shown no relationship. Also, the microbial leakage at the IAI cannot be related to the bone crest loss, since there are no articles reporting this relationship; remains controversial the influence of the IAI position on the bone crest losses. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 1321-1328, 2013.</p>

Effect of Cement Shade and Light-curing Unit on Bond Strength of a Ceramic Cemented to Dentin

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cement shade, light-curing unit, and water storage on tensile bond strength (a) of a feldspathic ceramic resin bonded to dentin.Materials and Methods: The dentin surface of 40 molars was exposed and etched with 37% phosphoric acid, then an adhesive system was applied. Forty blocks of feldspathic ceramic (Vita VM7) were produced. The ceramic surface was etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s, followed by the application of a silane agent and a dual-curing resin cement (Variolink II). Ceramic blocks were cemented to the treated dentin using either A3 or transparent (Tr) shade cement that was activated using either halogen or LED light for 40 s. All blocks were stored in 37 degrees C distilled water for 24 h before cutting to obtain non-trimmed bar-shaped specimens (adhesive area = 1 mm(2) +/- 0.1) for the microtensile bond strength test. The specimens were randomly grouped according to the storage time: no storage or stored for 150 days in 37 degrees C distilled water. Eight experimental groups were obtained (n = 30). The specimens were submitted to the tensile bond strength test using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (alpha = 0.05).Results: The mean bond strength values were significantly lower for the corresponding water stored groups, except for the specimens using A3 resin cement activated by halogen light. There was no significance difference in mean bond strength values among all groups after water storage.Conclusion: Water storage had a detrimental effect under most experimental conditions. For both cement shades investigated (Tr and A3) under the same storage condition, the light-curing units (QTH and LED) did not affect the mean microtensile bond strengths of resin-cemented ceramic to dentin

Effect of Ceramic Thickness and Shade on Mechanical Properties of a Resin Luting Agent

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of ceramic thickness and shade on the Knoop hardness and dynamic elastic modulus of a dual-cured resin cement.Materials and Methods: Six ceramic shades (Bleaching, A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B3) and two ceramic thicknesses (1 mm, 3 mm) were evaluated. Disk specimens (diameter: 7 mm; thickness: 2 mm) of the resin cement were light cured under a ceramic block. Light-cured specimens without the ceramic block at distances of 1 and 3mm were also produced. The Knoop hardness number (KHN), density, and dynamic Young's moduli were determined. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and a Tukey B rank order test (p = 0.05).Results: The bleaching 1-mm-thick group exhibited significantly higher dynamic Young's modulus. Lower dynamic Young's moduli were observed for the 3-mm-thick ceramic groups compared to bleaching 3-mm-thick group, and no difference was found among the other 3-mm groups. For the KHN, when A3.5 3-mm-thick was used, the KHN was significantly lower than bleaching and A1 1-mm-thick ceramic; however, no difference was exhibited between the thicknesses of the same shade.Conclusions: The dual-cured resin cement studied irradiated through the 1-mm-thick ceramic with the lightest shade (bleaching ceramic) exhibited a better elastic modulus, and there was no effect in KHN of the resin cement when light cured under different ceramic shades and thicknesses (1 and 3 mm), except when the A3.5 3-mm-thick ceramic was used.Clinical Significance: Variolink II irradiated through ceramic with the lowest chroma exhibited the highest elastic modulus; therefore, the light activation method might not be the same for all clinical situations

Does Adhesive Resin Application Contribute to Resin Bond Durability on Etched and Silanized Feldspathic Ceramic?

Purpose: To assess the effect of adhesive application and aging on the bond durability of resin cement to etched and silanized feldspathic ceramic. Materials and Methods: Twenty blocks (6.4 x 6.4 x 4.8 mm) of feldspathic ceramic (Vita VM7) were produced. The ceramic surfaces were conditioned with 10% hydrofluoric acid gel for 60 s and silanized. They were then randomly divided into two groups. While half of the group received no adhesive, in the other half, a layer of adhesive (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus) was applied. Each ceramic block was then placed in its silicone mold with the treated surface exposed. The dual-cured resin cement (Variolink 11) was injected into the mold over the treated surface and polymerized. Specimens were sectioned to achieve nontrimmed bar specimens (approximately 12 sticks/block) that were randomly divided into 2 groups: a) non-aged - microtensile bond test immediately after sectioning; b) aged-thermocycling (TC) 12,000 times, 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C, and water storage (50 days). The microtensile bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed: 1 mm/min). The failure types were examined using an optical light microscope and SEM. Bond strength results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). Results: The adhesive application affected the bond strength results significantly (p = 0.0001) (without adhesive > with adhesive). While aging conditions did not reduce the bond strength in the groups that received no adhesive (20 +/- 5.3 MPa non-aged and 21.5 +/- 5.6 aged) (p = 0.1698), it significantly affected the bond strength results of the group with adhesive application (18 +/- 4.4 MPa to 14.4 +/- 4.7 MPa) (p <0.001). All groups showed mainly mixed type of failures between the ceramic and the resin cement (81% to 100%). The group in which no adhesive was applied presented a higher incidence of cohesive failure of ceramic after aging (18%) than those of the other groups. Conclusion: The use of adhesive did not improve resin cement adhesion to the etched and silanized feldspathic ceramic after long-term thermocycling and water storage

Bond Strength of Different Resin Cement and Ceramic Shades Bonded to Dentin

Purpose: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of ceramic cemented to dentin varying the resin cement and ceramic shades.Materials and Methods: Two VITA VM7 ceramic shades (Base Dentine 0M1 and Base Dentine 5M3) were used. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the percentage translucency of ceramic (thickness: 2.5 mm). For the MTBS test, 80 molar dentin surfaces were etched and an adhesive was applied. Forty blocks (7.2 x 7.2 x 2.5 mm) of each ceramic shade were produced and the ceramic surface was etched (10% hydrofluoric acid) for 60 s, followed by the application of silane and resin cement (A3 yellow and transparent). The blocks were cemented to dentin using either A3 or transparent cement. Specimens were photoactivated for 20 s or 40 s, stored in distilled water (37 degrees C/24 h), and sectioned. Eight experimental groups were obtained (n = 10). Specimens were tested for MTSB using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (alpha <= 0.05).Results: The percentage translucency of 0M1 and 5M3 ceramics were 10.06 (+/- 0.25)% and 1.34 (+/- 0.02)%, respectively. The lowest MTBS was observed for the ceramic shade 5M3. For the 0M1 ceramic, the A3 yellow cement that was photocured for 20 s exhibited the lowest MTBS, while the transparent cement that was photocured for 40 s presented the highest MTBS.Conclusions: For the 2.5-mm-thick 5M3 ceramic restorations, the MTBS of ceramic cemented to dentin significantly increased. The dual-curing cement Variolink II photocured for 40 s is not recommended for cementing the Base Dentine 5M3 feldspathic ceramic to dentin